Handbook Biological Wastewater Treatment - Design of Activated Sludge Systems

Introduction

During the last few decades, the importance of nutrient removal has increased as a result of the necessity to avoid eutrophication of water bodies receiving untreated waste water and the effluent of waste water treatment plants. For this reason, most new waste water treatment plants are now designed for tertiary treatment. In such an activated sludge plant the objective is to remove suspended solids, organic matter and macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus

In this section the focus is on biological nitrogen removal, in which two biological processes are used: nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification is a two step microbiological reaction in which ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrite by Nitrosomonas and subsequently into nitrate by Nitrobacter. In the denitrification process the produced nitrate is converted into harmless nitrogen gas. For more introduction to this subject, click here.

Contents of this section

Fundamentals of nitrogen removal Forms and reactions of nitrogenous material in wastewater and in the activated sludge process Mass balance of nitrogenous material Stoichometry of reactions with nitrogenous material Read more....	Nitrification Nitrification kinetics Operational factors influencing the nitrification process Determination of nitrification kinetics Nitrification in activated sludge systems with unaerated zones Nitrification capacity and -potential Read more....
Denitrification Prerequisites for the denitrification process Configurations for nitrogen removal Denitrification kinetics Denitrification capacity Read more....	Optimized design for nitrogen removal Determination of the nitrogen removal capacity Optimised design of activated sludge systems for biological nitrogen removal Read more....
Treatment of nitrogen-rich waste waters - nitrogen removal over nitrite Theoretical concepts of nitrogen removal over nitrite Stoichiometry and kinetics Reactor design and configuration (Sharon and Babe) Model development Extensive design case (7 pages): comparison of Sharon with conventional nitrogen removal Impact on sidestream nitrogen removal on main activated sludge treatment - extensive design case (6 pages)	Treatment of nitrogen-rich waste waters - anaerobic ammonium oxidation Theoretical concepts of anaerobic ammonium oxidation Stoichiometry and kinetics Reactor design and configuration (Anammox) Model development Combination with nitrogen removal over nitrite process: Sharon - Anammox combination Extensive design case (4 pages) of Sharon - Anammox combination
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