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Organic Material and Bacterial Metabolism
- Presentation of the different methods to determine the content of organic material in waste water
- Identification of the main metabolic processes in activated sludge systems
- Selection of the appropriate parameter to indicate mass of organic material, for use in mass balance equations
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COD Removal
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Theory on the interaction between the activated sludge system and the organic material in the waste water and its effects on effluent quality, oxygen demand and excess sludge production
- Definition of the sludge age as the crucial design parameter
- Development of an ideal steady-state activated sludge model that will be used throughout this website as the basis for activated sludge system design and optimisation
- Calibration and application of the steady state model
- Development of a general non-steady state model
- Aeration theory, including the effects on the value of the oxygen saturation concentration and the oxygen transfer coefficient of:
- Impurities
- Local atmospheric pressure
- Submergence level of diffusors
- Sludge concentration
- Methods for sizing of aeration equipment (surface aeration and diffused aeraton)
- Experimental methods to measure aeration parameters in full-scale activated sludge systems
- Configurations of the activated sludge system
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Nitrogen Removal
- Stoichiometry and kinetics of nitrification and denitrification
- Extension of the steady state activated sludge model to include nitrogen removal
- Development of an optimisation procedure that allows the reader to define the optimal configuration of an activated sludge system for nitrogen removal, as a function of:
- The required effluent nitrogen quality
- The influent characteristics
- The operational conditions
- Nitrogen removal from nitrogen-rich wastewater streams using the nitrite pathway (Sharon and Babe processes)
- Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox)
- Combination of Sharon - Anammox
- Design and evaluation of these new technologies in several extensive design cases
- Effect of sidestream nitrogen removal on the main activated sludge process
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Phosphorus Removal
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The stoichiometry and kinetics of biological phosphorus removal processes
- Review of configurations for biological phosphorus removal
- Extension of the steady-state activated sludge model to accommodate biological phosphorus removal
- The stoichiometry and kinetics of chemical phosphorus removal
- Design and performance of various chemical phosphorus removal configurations:
- Pre-precipitation
- Simultaneous precipitation
- Post-precipitation
- Extension of the steady-state activated sludge model to accommodate chemical phosphorus removal
- Extensive design case, comparing the design and performance of several nutrient removal configurations
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Final Settling
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Mathematical description of the activated sludge settling process
using the solids flux theory
- Development of a model for settling in a continuous final settler
- Optimisation procedure that allows the minimal total costs design of (1) the combination aeration tank and settler and (2) the combination of thickener and sludge digester, as a function of:
- The influent composition
- The settling characteristics of the sludge
- Optimization of operational final settlers using the static-point procedure
- Mechanisms in- and prevention of the occurrence of sludge bulking and scum formation
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New System Configurations
- Theoretical principles of MBR treatment
- Design procedure for the main MBR configurations (submerged and cross-flow MBR)
- Sizing of the membrane unit
- MBR operation (including membrane fouling and -cleaning)
- Consequences of implementing MBR treatment on activated sludge system performance
- Extension of the steady-state activated sludge model to reflect the changes introduced by MBR treatment
- Design data of the membrane modules of the main membrane suppliers
- Theoretical principles of the aerobic granular sludge process
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Sludge Treatment
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Theoretical principles of aerobic and anaerobic digestion, including kinetics and stoichiometry
- Thickening of secondary excess sludge
- Model development for anaerobic and aerobic digestion
- Design procedure for the paired units sludge thickener and -digester
- Primary settling as a pre-treatment process
- Design and performance of sludge drying beds, a cost-effective method to produce a very dry and high quality sludge in regions with a warm climate
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Anaerobic - Aerobic Waste Water Treatment
- Development of a model for the anaerobic treatment process, including the influence of the main operational and design parameters:
- Retention time
- Sludge age
- Temperature
- Discussion on modern high rate anaerobic treatment systems and combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment systems for secondary and tertiary treatment
- Evaluation of impact of the digestion of aerobic excess sludge on UASB performance
- Extension of the steady state activated sludge model to include anaerobic pre-treatment
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Integrated Design
- Prepare the basis of design
- Retrieve costing data of the future wastewater treatment plant
- Clarify the performance objectives and select the most applicable treatment option
- Design example A1: Conventional secondary treatment
- Design example A2: Conventional secondary treatment with primary settling
- Design example B1: Anaerobic pre-treatment with aerobic post-treatment (nitrification)
- Design example C1: Tertiary treatment - Nitrogen removal
- Design example C2: Tertiary treatment - Nitrogen and phosphorus removal
- Influence of the sludge age
- Operational optimization examples
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We regret that all subjects highlighted in red are not available as a free online resource. If you want to know more, please purchase the handbook. More info ?
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